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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="2.0">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JDERM</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">JMIR Dermatol</journal-id>
      <journal-title>JMIR Dermatology</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2562-0959</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>JMIR Publications</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Toronto, Canada</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">v5i4e40905</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="pmid">37632904</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2196/40905</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Paper</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Short Paper</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cochrane Skin Group’s Global Social Media Reach: Content Analysis of Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter Posts</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Boyle</surname>
            <given-names>Robert</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="reviewer">
          <name>
            <surname>Drucker</surname>
            <given-names>Aaron</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="reviewer">
          <name>
            <surname>Umoquit</surname>
            <given-names>Muriah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib id="contrib1" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" equal-contrib="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ahmad</surname>
            <given-names>Areebah</given-names>
          </name>
          <degrees>BA</degrees>
          <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
          <address>
            <institution>McGovern Medical School</institution>
            <institution>University of Texas Health Science Center</institution>
            <addr-line>6431 Fannin St</addr-line>
            <addr-line>Houston, TX, 77030</addr-line>
            <country>United States</country>
            <phone>1 2819026060</phone>
            <email>areebah.ahmad@uth.tmc.edu</email>
          </address>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3792-0591</ext-link>
        </contrib>
        <contrib id="contrib2" contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Alhanshali</surname>
            <given-names>Lina</given-names>
          </name>
          <degrees>BA</degrees>
          <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-9543</ext-link>
        </contrib>
        <contrib id="contrib3" contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Jefferson</surname>
            <given-names>Itisha S</given-names>
          </name>
          <degrees>BS</degrees>
          <xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-5204</ext-link>
        </contrib>
        <contrib id="contrib4" contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Dellavalle</surname>
            <given-names>Robert</given-names>
          </name>
          <degrees>MSPH, MD, PhD</degrees>
          <xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-088X</ext-link>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution>McGovern Medical School</institution>
        <institution>University of Texas Health Science Center</institution>
        <addr-line>Houston, TX</addr-line>
        <country>United States</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution>SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University</institution>
        <institution>College of Medicine</institution>
        <addr-line>Brooklyn, NY</addr-line>
        <country>United States</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution>Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine</institution>
        <addr-line>Maywood, IL</addr-line>
        <country>United States</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution>Department of Dermatology</institution>
        <institution>University of Colorado School of Medicine</institution>
        <addr-line>Aurora, CO</addr-line>
        <country>United States</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp>Corresponding Author: Areebah Ahmad <email>areebah.ahmad@uth.tmc.edu</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <season>Oct-Dec</season>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <elocation-id>e40905</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>8</day>
          <month>7</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-request">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>8</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <copyright-statement>©Areebah Ahmad, Lina Alhanshali, Itisha S Jefferson, Robert Dellavalle. Originally published in JMIR Dermatology (http://derma.jmir.org), 30.11.2022.</copyright-statement>
      <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
      <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
        <p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Dermatology, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://derma.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.</p>
      </license>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://derma.jmir.org/2022/4/e40905" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <abstract>
        <sec sec-type="background">
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>Researchers in all medical specialties increasingly use social media to educate the public, share new publications with peers, and diversify their audiences.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec sec-type="objective">
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>Given Cochrane Skin Group’s expanded use of social media in the past years, we aimed to characterize Cochrane Skin Group's international social media audience and identify themes that result in increased content engagement.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec sec-type="methods">
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>Cochrane Skin Group's Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter analytics data were extracted for follower demographics and the most viewed posts within a 3-year span (June 2019 to June 2022).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec sec-type="results">
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Overall, Cochrane Skin Group had the highest number of followers on Facebook (n=1037). The number of Instagram and Twitter followers reached 214 and 352, respectively. The greatest numbers of Facebook followers were from Brazil, Egypt, and India, with 271, 299, and 463 followers, respectively. Facebook’s most viewed post about Cochrane Skin Group’s annual meeting received 1041 views. The top post on Instagram, which introduced Cochrane Skin Group’s social media editors, received 2522 views.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec sec-type="conclusions">
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p>Each of the social media platforms used by Cochrane Skin Group reached varying audiences all over the world. Across social media platforms, posts regarding Cochrane Skin Group meetings, members, and professional opportunities received the most views. Overall, Cochrane Skin Group's multiplatform social media approach will continue to grow an international audience, connecting people interested in skin disease.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>social media</kwd>
        <kwd>Cochrane Skin</kwd>
        <kwd>dermatology</kwd>
        <kwd>content engagement</kwd>
        <kwd>Facebook</kwd>
        <kwd>Cochrane</kwd>
        <kwd>Twitter</kwd>
        <kwd>social media analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>content analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>skin disease</kwd>
        <kwd>dermatologist</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="introduction">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The goal of Cochrane Skin Group (CSG) is to publish systematic reviews regarding all aspects of skin disease, including prevention, management, and treatment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. CSG has been an international leader in dermatoepidemiology and evidence-based dermatology since its creation 25 years ago [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>]. To encourage the dissemination of review information, CSG has used social media to reach a broad global audience. As previously described, social media provides an accessible and popular avenue for the sharing of health care information, networking, and outreach in medicine [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>]. In this study, we aimed to characterize CSG’s international social media audience and identify themes that result in increased content engagement.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter analytics data were extracted for followers’ country of origin and sex as of June 28, 2022. The top 3 countries of origin for followers of each platform were recorded. Each social media platform uses varying terminology to refer to the number of people who have seen a post; Facebook uses “reach,” and Instagram and Twitter use “impressions.” For clarity, we refer to the number of people who have seen a post as “views.” Posts with the highest number of views within a 3-year span (June 2019 to June 2022) were extracted.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>CSG had 1037, 214, and 352 Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter followers, respectively. Among CSG’s Facebook followers, 43.4% (450/1037) were female, and 56.6% (587/1037) were male; 44.6% (463/1037) were from India, 26.2% (271/1037) were from Brazil, and 22.1% (299/1037) were from Egypt (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>). Among CSG’s Instagram followers, 52.3% (112/214) were female, and 47.7% (102/214) were male; 25.7% (55/214) were from Brazil, 13.6% (29/214) were from the United States, and 5.1% (11/214) were from Iran (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>). Among CSG’s Twitter followers, 35.8% (126/352) were female, and 64.2% (226/352) were male; 28.1% (99/352) were from the United Kingdom, 13.6% (48/352) were from the United States, and 5.4% (19/352) were from Spain (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table1">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>The CSG’s posts with the greatest number of views were all posted within the last year. Facebook’s top post about CSG’s annual meeting at the American Academy of Dermatology Conference received 1041 views (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref>). The top post on Instagram, which introduced CSG’s social media editors, received 2522 views (<xref ref-type="table" rid="table2">Table 2</xref>). The top post on Twitter, which highlighted a dermatoepidemiology research fellowship opportunity, received 4422 views.</p>
      <table-wrap position="float" id="table1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <p>Demographics of Cochrane Skin Group Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter followers.</p>
        </caption>
        <table width="1000" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
          <col width="30"/>
          <col width="470"/>
          <col width="170"/>
          <col width="170"/>
          <col width="160"/>
          <thead>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="2">Variable</td>
              <td>Facebook</td>
              <td>Instagram</td>
              <td>Twitter</td>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="2">Followers, n</td>
              <td>1037</td>
              <td>214</td>
              <td>352</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="5">
                <bold>Sex, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>Female</td>
              <td>450 (43.4)</td>
              <td>112 (52.3)</td>
              <td>126 (35.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>Male</td>
              <td>587 (56.6)</td>
              <td>102 (47.7)</td>
              <td>226 (64.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td colspan="5">
                <bold>Country<sup>a</sup>, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>Brazil</td>
              <td>271 (26.2)</td>
              <td>55 (25.7)</td>
              <td>—<sup>b</sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>Egypt</td>
              <td>299 (22.1)</td>
              <td>—</td>
              <td>—</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>India</td>
              <td>463 (44.6)</td>
              <td>—</td>
              <td>—</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>Iran</td>
              <td>—</td>
              <td>11 (5.1)</td>
              <td>—</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>Spain</td>
              <td>—</td>
              <td>—</td>
              <td>19 (5.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>Taiwan</td>
              <td>40 (3.9)</td>
              <td>—</td>
              <td>19 (5.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>United Kingdom</td>
              <td>—</td>
              <td>—</td>
              <td>99 (28.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>
                <break/>
              </td>
              <td>United States</td>
              <td>—</td>
              <td>29 (13.6)</td>
              <td>48 (13.6)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="table1fn1">
            <p><sup>a</sup>The countries listed each have greater than 3% of the social media platform followers.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="table1fn2">
            <p><sup>b</sup>Not available.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap position="float" id="table2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <p>The highest viewed posts on the social media platforms used by Cochrane Skin Group.</p>
        </caption>
        <table width="1000" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
          <col width="520"/>
          <col width="170"/>
          <col width="120"/>
          <col width="90"/>
          <col width="100"/>
          <thead>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>Title of post</td>
              <td>Type of post</td>
              <td>Date posted</td>
              <td>Views, n</td>
              <td>Platform</td>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>“We hope everyone had a great time at the AAD annual meeting…” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>]</td>
              <td>CSG<sup>a</sup> meeting</td>
              <td>August 9, 2021</td>
              <td>1041</td>
              <td>Facebook</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>“We would like to introduce ourselves as the new Cochrane Skin’s social media editors…” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">5</xref>]</td>
              <td>CSG editors</td>
              <td>July 28, 2021</td>
              <td>2522</td>
              <td>Instagram</td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>“Dermatoepidemiology Fellowship Opportunity…” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">6</xref>]</td>
              <td>Fellowship opportunity</td>
              <td>May 22, 2022</td>
              <td>4422</td>
              <td>Twitter</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="table2fn1">
            <p><sup>a</sup>CSG: Cochrane Skin Group.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Overall, the countries of origin for followers of CSG social media accounts vary by platform. CSG Facebook followers are predominantly from South Asia and Africa, while Instagram followers are primarily from North America and South America. Furthermore, Twitter followers are primarily from the United States and United Kingdom—the same countries of origin as those of CSG’s coordinating editors. These differences in audience background between each social media platform suggest that CSG’s multiplatform social media approach allows information to be spread to a broader international audience.</p>
      <p>Generally, the most viewed social media posts involved content regarding CSG meetings, members, and professional opportunities. Therefore, posting content that references CSG’s mission, events, and team can be prioritized alongside review dissemination to engage established and new followers. Although CSG’s Facebook page had the most followers, CSG’s Twitter posts consistently had a greater number of views, with Twitter’s top post having 3 times the number of views when compared to Facebook’s top post. As described in previous studies, Twitter is the most popular social media platform for health care communication [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">7</xref>], which may explain CSG’s high levels of Twitter engagement.</p>
      <p>Some recommendations to help further enhance CSG’s social media presence may include, but are not limited to, (1) creating polls to ask users for their opinion on the most valuable content and (2) embedding social media content into newsletters and blog posts. Although our study is specific to CSG’s social media analytics data from the last 3 years, our highest performing social media posts can act as a guide for other journals interested in expanding their digital reach. Concise posts that are specific to editorial board members and research opportunities tend to accrue the most engagement. As CSG’s social media presence continues to grow, it will provide new ways to connect with an international audience interested in dermatology.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <app-group/>
    <glossary>
      <title>Abbreviations</title>
      <def-list>
        <def-item>
          <term id="abb1">CSG</term>
          <def>
            <p>Cochrane Skin Group</p>
          </def>
        </def-item>
      </def-list>
    </glossary>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="conflict">
        <p>RD is the joint coordinating editor of <italic>Cochrane Skin Group</italic> and also the Editor-in-Chief of <italic>JMIR Dermatology</italic>, but had no role in the evaluation of this manuscript for publiction.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <nlm-citation citation-type="web">
          <article-title>Scope of our work</article-title>
          <source>Cochrane Skin</source>
          <access-date>2022-07-06</access-date>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://skin.cochrane.org/about-us">https://skin.cochrane.org/about-us</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </nlm-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Williams</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Adetugbo</surname>
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            <name name-style="western">
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            <name name-style="western">
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              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Diepgen</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Murrell</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
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          <source>Arch Dermatol</source>
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        </nlm-citation>
      </ref>
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        <label>3</label>
        <nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
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              <surname>Wong</surname>
              <given-names>XL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>RC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western">
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          <year>2019</year>
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        </nlm-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <nlm-citation citation-type="web">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Cochrane Skin Group Facebook page</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>We hope everyone had a great time at the AAD annual meeting…</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <month>08</month>
          <day>09</day>
          <access-date>2022-11-21</access-date>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://buff.ly/3Vja9Zs">https://buff.ly/3Vja9Zs</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </nlm-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <nlm-citation citation-type="web">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Cochrane Skin on Instagram</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>We would like to introduce ourselves as the new Cochrane Skin’s social media editors…</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <month>07</month>
          <day>28</day>
          <access-date>2022-11-21</access-date>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://buff.ly/3CUPF1V">https://buff.ly/3CUPF1V</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </nlm-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <nlm-citation citation-type="web">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>@CochraneSkin</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Dermatoepidemiology Fellowship Opportunity! Johns Hopkins University Pediatric Inflammatory Skin Disease Research Fellowship This one-year pediatric dermatology research fellowship will involve epidemiological research in atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin diseases</source>
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</article>
