Published on in Vol 6 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/41703, first published .
The Research Scholarly Output of Africa in Dermatology From 2012 to 2021: Focus on the Top 10 Dermatology Journals

The Research Scholarly Output of Africa in Dermatology From 2012 to 2021: Focus on the Top 10 Dermatology Journals

The Research Scholarly Output of Africa in Dermatology From 2012 to 2021: Focus on the Top 10 Dermatology Journals

Research Letter

1Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

2Departamento de Bioquímica e BiologiaMolecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

*all authors contributed equally

Corresponding Author:

Waseem Hassan, PhD

Institute of Chemical Sciences

University of Peshawar

Old Jamrud Road

Peshawar, 25000

Pakistan

Phone: 92 0919216652

Email: waseem_anw@yahoo.com



Africa’s contributions to dermatology research have been underreported in the literature, prompting our investigation of the number and quality of scholarly output across the continent’s 49 countries. Using Scopus/SciVal, we analyzed publications from 2012 to 2021 and found only 4579 articles with 36,691 citations, indicating limited productivity. A total of 1804 (39.6%) papers, with 23,414 citations, were published with international collaboration.

To evaluate productivity by country, we used four indicators: number of publications, citations, citations per publication, and field-weighted citations impact. Egypt published the most documents (n=1688), followed by South Africa (n=685), Tunisia (n=388), Ethiopia (n=351), Morocco (n=290), Nigeria (n=249), and Kenya (n=206). The countries with the highest citations were Egypt (n=13,667), South Africa (n=8558), Morocco (n=2413), Kenya (n=2197), and Ethiopia (n=2176). Table 1 presents data for all 49 countries.

Journal ranking and metrics can indicate research quality, and Scopus categorizes journals into seven groups or quartiles. Of the 4579 African publications, 4267 are in one of the seven quartiles (Q1-Q7). Only 24 (0.56%) and 195 (4.01%) were published in the top 1% (Q1) and top 5% (Q2) of Scopus sources, respectively. The highest number of documents were in Q5 and Q6.

We also analyzed African contributions to the top 10 dermatology journals globally (Table 2). From 2012 to 2021, these journals collectively published 108,577 articles, but only 1060 (0.98%) came from Africa, with only 576 published without collaboration with high-income countries. The lack of investment, resources, and infrastructure in Africa likely contributes to low productivity, as well as the challenges faced by researchers in pursuing scientific careers in Africa [1].

Research is crucial for development and productivity growth, but Africa lags behind in investment. In 2011, while worldwide expenditure on research was 1.77% of the total global gross domestic product, Kenya spent only 0.1% and South Africa spent 0.76% of their gross domestic product on research [2,3]. This decline in research quality is attributed to insufficient spending. Only 2% of the 3000 publications from low-income countries are listed in MEDLINE, and only 10% of medical research is conducted in low-income nations. Even in the case of Ebola research, most of it was done in the United States [4].

African scholars must remain dedicated to addressing their continent’s problems and should consider stepping outside their comfort zones to pursue knowledge, develop long-term partnerships with high-income countries, and use applied research to bring new information to the continent [2,3]. Ongoing discussions among stakeholders, including local governments and research institutions, are essential for putting local research into practice. Regular engagement with regional and international researchers and policy makers is necessary to understand global concerns and priorities. To support these efforts, financial aid, research budgets, collaboration, and exchange programs are urgently needed.

Table 1. The scholarly output for all 49 countries.
Country/regionScholarly output, nCitations, nCitations per publicationField-weighted citation impact
Egypt168813,6678.10.96
South Africa685855812.51.21
Tunisia38821185.50.68
Ethiopia35121766.20.51
Morocco29024138.30.69
Nigeria24917887.20.6
Kenya206219710.70.87
Uganda1521672110.85
Tanzania12412139.80.74
Malawi655718.80.75
Cameroon604627.70.54
Ghana543466.40.56
Botswana532775.20.46
Côte d\'Ivoire532534.80.5
Zimbabwe5063812.80.93
Burkina Faso422024.80.54
Senegal413167.70.79
Togo361413.90.43
Zambia323029.40.65
Benin311695.50.52
Rwanda3030510.20.84
Sudan3035111.71.1
Algeria262238.61.21
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya2179137.71.88
Mali191176.20.57
Mozambique171498.80.89
Madagascar12433.60.3
Congo10515.10.39
Guinea10696.90.68
Democratic Republic Congo9384.20.61
Gabon88310.40.77
Mauritius8516.41.11
Reunion8506.31.03
Lesotho7233.30.32
Namibia78111.60.61
Liberia671.20.09
Angola5132.60.54
Somalia492.30.4
Central African Republic34113.71.16
Niger3134.30.42
Guinea-Bissau33712.31.12
Sierra Leone31550.45
Swaziland3237.70.71
Burundi21050.33
Gambia22713.51.19
Mauritania21470.99
Chad1330.44
Comoros1880.54
South Sudan110100.93
Table 2. The list of the top 10 journals with the total number of publications, number of countries involved, number of African countries, African total publications with collaboration, African total publications without collaboration, the top six African countries, and their contribution to each journal.
TitlePublications, nCountries, nAfrican countries, nTotal African publications with collaboration, nTotal African publications without collaboration, nEgypt, nSouth Africa, nTunisia, nMalta, nNigeria, nMorocco, n
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology26,474116291546860339576
JAMA Dermatology36388317182132130
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology1452626148542110
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology11,5711343823712786164536810
Experimental Dermatology448074836101885001
Journal of Dermatological Science37217372391160012
Clinics in Dermatology35348018542413134400
Journal of Investigative Dermatology21,0659514576111610005
British Journal of Dermatology29,82812335439306662292019220
Dermatologic Clinics281461828164170100

Acknowledgments

ChatGPT was used to revise the original manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.

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Edited by R Dellavalle, T Sivesind; submitted 05.08.22; peer-reviewed by J Wang, T Lee; comments to author 25.10.22; revised version received 07.12.22; accepted 20.02.23; published 15.03.23

Copyright

©Waseem Hassan, Saddam Hussain, Joao B T da Rocha. Originally published in JMIR Dermatology (http://derma.jmir.org), 15.03.2023.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Dermatology, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://derma.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.