Published on in Vol 8 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/69960, first published .
Exploring Nonresponse to Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetics: Narrative Review of Key Trigger Factors and Effective Management Strategies

Exploring Nonresponse to Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetics: Narrative Review of Key Trigger Factors and Effective Management Strategies

Exploring Nonresponse to Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetics: Narrative Review of Key Trigger Factors and Effective Management Strategies

George Kroumpouzos   1, 2 , MD, PhD ;   Fernando Silikovich   3 , MD

1 GK Dermatology PC, South Weymouth, MA, United States

2 Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States

3 Concepto 4 Puntos Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Corresponding Author:

  • George Kroumpouzos, MD, PhD
  • GK Dermatology PC
  • 541 Main St, Suite 320
  • South Weymouth, MA 02190
  • United States
  • Phone: 1 617-501-1152
  • Fax: 1 781-812-2748
  • Email: gk@gkderm.com